La decarbonation is essential to the survival of air transport, over and above the communication challenges faced by airlines wishing to prove that they are moving towards air transport that is compatible with environmental issues. Air France-KLM has therefore introduced an environmental policy which includes increased use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF); fleet renewal with more fuel-efficient and quieter aircraft. And finally, operational measures to reduce aircraft emissions, such as eco-piloting.
Very high production costs
However, there are a number of pitfalls associated with FAS. Production is still low and its prohibitive cost. These two factors explain why it is only used to a limited extent today. It used to be in the order of 0.1% of global aviation fuel consumption in 2022. However, there is a huge advantage to using sustainable fuels. They are not calling for any changes to aircraft, engines or airport fuel systems..
However, the cost of production and purchase remains the main handicap. In the absence of an established industrial production chain, SAF is currently 4 to 8 times more expensive than conventional fuel. This cost differential is already having an impact on airline finances and ticket prices. Air France estimates that by 2023, the incorporation of SAF 1% will represent an additional cost of 100 million euros..
For passengers, incorporating 20% of SAF would have serious financial consequences. Air France, for example, estimates a €175 increase in the price of a Paris-New York economy class return ticket if 20% of SAF were incorporated.
The targets set by Air France-KLM for 2030 correspond to a volume of one million tonnes of SAF per year, representing an additional cost for the Group of €2 billion per year.
Air France-KLM, a leader in the use of SAF
Despite these obstacles, the Air France-KLM group is a champion in the use of SAF. In 2022, Air France-KLM purchased 17% of SAF's worldwide production. while the Group accounted for only 3% of global paraffin consumption.
The Group has signed contracts with Nesté and DGFuels for a total of 1.6 million tonnes of SAF. Deliveries are scheduled between 2023 and 2036.
What's more, Air France-KLM has established strict sourcing criteria. The Group only buys SAF that does not compete with food or feed. They do not come from palm oil and reduce CO2 emissions by at least 75% over the entire life cycle..
Energy companies are also working on the development of so-called "synthetic" fuels. These are produced solely from captured CO2, water and electricity. France has an advantage in this area, with a large nuclear fleet producing low-carbon electricity. This family of fuels is still at the research and development stage, and will not be mature before 2027.
The Air France-KLM Group is going beyond the regulations and has set itself the target of at least 10% of SAF incorporation by 2030 at global level. And not just those departing from France and Europe. By comparison, Europe requires a standard of 2% for all flights departing from the continent in 2025. And 6% by 2030.
