Meeting: Sylvie Matelly, IRIS

What issues will shape the future of major cities?

Sylvie Matelly - We are in a period of transition for several reasons. The ecological emergency will change the major economic balances, because we will be living in a system that is quite different from what it is today. The social demandsIn addition to populism, there are also calls for a change in the system and less inequality. It is possible that the clusters of prosperity that are the major business cities will be impacted by this element, with the concentration of wealth being called into question. Finally, at geopolitical planThe rise of China and its rivalry with the United States will have far-reaching consequences in the years ahead. The confrontation between these two great powers will force peripheral players to position themselves in one way or another, and to benefit or suffer the consequences.

Will the trade war between China and the United States have an impact on Europe?

S. M. - Will Europe decide to establish itself as a political player and defend its interests by working with both? That's the question. Especially as the EU countries are not all on the same line. Some have very strong transatlantic relations, while others are drawing closer to China. What is already certain is that London will draw closer to the United States, but will also renew its ties with the Commonwealth countries. And that could work, because among them you have powers like India. For the moment, what we are seeing is the continuation of a form of competition between the major European cities, with no strategy of specialisation around specific skills. This will continue until Europe arrives at a coherent strategy, and not the sum of national strategies based on its own interests. I'd like to be able to dream about it, but there's nothing to suggest that things will change any time soon.

What impact will the climate emergency have on megacities?

S. M. - They are not very environmentally friendly, and the major challenges they face could call them into question. But, on the other hand, they are so efficient in concentrating services and activities... That's the paradox of the times. I can't see no alternative to the growth of large cities, to this concentration which, however, runs counter to the demand for ecological and social change and a return to more local things. This growth will continue in contradiction with the challenges facing humanity. This is a real cause for concern, but what else can we come up with? I can't think of a single answer.